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Sports position played in defense of one'south own right

This article is about the general position in many squad sports. For specific and other uses, see Goalkeeper (disambiguation).

In many team sports which involve scoring goals, the goalkeeper (sometimes termed goaltender, netminder, goalie or keeper) is a designated player charged with direct preventing the opposing team from scoring by blocking or intercepting opposing shots on goal. Such positions be in bandy, rink bandy, camogie, association football, Gaelic football, international rules football, floorball, handball, hurling, field hockey, ice hockey, roller hockey, lacrosse, ringette, rinkball, h2o polo, and shinty as well equally in other sports.

In most sports which involve scoring in a cyberspace, special rules apply to the goalkeeper that do not employ to other players. These rules are often instituted to protect the goalkeeper (being a target for unsafe or even violent actions). This is most credible in sports such as ice hockey and lacrosse, where goalkeepers are required to wear special equipment like heavy pads and a face up mask to protect their bodies from the impact of the playing object (due east.g. ball or puck.)

In some sports, goalkeepers may accept the same rights as other players; in association football, for example, the keeper is allowed to kicking the ball merely as whatsoever other role player, merely may likewise use their hands to handle the ball in a restricted area. In other sports, goalkeepers may be express in the deportment they are immune to take or the surface area of the field or rink where they may exist; in the NHL, for example, goalkeepers may not play the puck in the restricted areas backside the net or have the puck across the red line.

Examples [edit]

Association football [edit]

Youth-football goalkeeper

In football, each team'south goalkeeper defends their squad's goal and has special privileges within the game. The goalkeeper'south main job is to stop whatever penetration of the ball into the goal. The goalkeeper is the only player in the side who may use his or her easily and arms to catch, throw and salve the ball, just only within their own penalization expanse. Goalkeepers are required to habiliment a distinctive colour bailiwick of jersey, dissever from the referee's jersey colour and either squad's regular jersey color, so the referee can hands place them. In that location are no other specific requirements, but goalkeepers are commonly allowed to wear additional protective gear such as padded clothing. Most goalkeepers also wear gloves to protect their easily and enhance their grip of the ball. Like every player on the pitch, they are required to wear shin guards.

The goalkeeper is allowed to grab the ball, and is besides allowed to punch or deflect the ball away from the goal. The goalkeeper more often than not has a significant advantage on a ball high in the air by raising their artillery and play the ball before an attacker can endeavor a header. When the keeper picks up the ball, they are allowed to boot information technology or throw it, or to place information technology on the ground and play it with the anxiety. The official Laws of the Game stipulate that one time the goalkeeper must redistribute the brawl within six seconds afterward picking up the brawl; however, referees oft utilize their discretion as long as the goalkeeper is not obviously attempting to waste fourth dimension. Once the keeper establishes possession of the brawl, opposing players are not immune to endeavor to play the ball and must give the goalkeeper room to attempt a kick.^{[ commendation needed ]} Referees usually give reward to the an unprotected goalkeeper if a ball is in the air and both the goalkeeper and a field thespian of the opposing team are challenging for the ball.

The death of Sunderland A.F.C. goalkeeper Jimmy Thorpe shaped the development of the rule by which players were no longer allowed to raise their foot to a goalkeeper with control of the ball in their arms.^[ane] Despite winning the league that season, Sunderland's season was marked with tragedy after the immature goalkeeper died as a upshot of a kick in the head and chest subsequently he had picked upwardly the ball following a backpass in a game against Chelsea at Roker Park. He continued to have part until the match finished, just collapsed at home afterward and died in hospital four days later from diabetes mellitus and centre failure 'accelerated by the rough usage of the opposing team'.^[ii]

Though the goalkeeper is generally allowed to use their hands in the penalisation box area, they are non allowed to employ their hands on assurance that have been intentionally kicked to them by a teammate (it does not accept to become backwards). In such situations, the goalkeeper may play the ball with their feet, but cannot pick the ball upward. The dominion applies simply to a ball which is kicked. A ball which is headed or otherwise non kicked may be picked up by the goalkeeper without penalty. An infringement of this rule results in an indirect kick to the opposing team. The referee has some discretion in making this call. For example, a ball which is merely deflected by a teammate may still be picked up by the goalkeeper. The "back-laissez passer" rule has been followed in international football and in almost professional and apprentice leagues since the early 1990s, but leagues for younger players may cull not to enforce the rule. The back pass rule is listed in Police 12 of the Laws of the Game.

Equally the goalkeeper is usually the team's only player who tin meet the entire field, they often act as the organizer of the team when it is defending, such as on a free kick or a corner kicking. This means the goalkeeper needs to exist loud, with a voice that can projection over the defensive area of the pitch. In plow, the players on their squad need to be able to listen and respond to directions called to them.

Swap [edit]

In bandy, the goalkeeper defends his team's goal and has special privileges within the game, which is regulated in section 6 of the Bandy Playing Rules set up past the Federation of International Bandy^[3] The goalkeeper'southward main job is to terminate any penetration of the ball into the goal. He is allowed to hold the ball for vi seconds earlier he has to release it. He may drop information technology to a defender or chuck information technology straight into assault.

If the ball passes the goal line, it is followed by different actions:

• If the ball is terminal touched by a defender, the reaction is an own goal if the ball goes betwixt the goalposts.
• If it passes exterior the goalposts, the reaction is a corner stroke.
• If last touched past an aggressor'due south stick, and passes between the posts, the reaction is a goal, or
• a disallowed goal (offside or an infringement from the attacking team).
• If the ball passes from an aggressor over the goal line outside the goalposts, the goalkeeper may retrieve a new brawl from a cage hanging on the goal's either side, and put the new brawl in play with no indicate from the referees.

The goalkeeper is the only player who may use his or her hands to play the ball (although only inside their own penalization surface area). According to Rule half-dozen.ane the goalkeeper is required to vesture a jersey with a different color from either squad'southward jersey color to avoid confusion for the referee. Goalkeepers habiliment padded gloves to aid in communicable the ball, large shinpads, a padded sweater, and a helmet with a face mask.^[iii]

He is the just actor in the team who can pass the ball to a teammate by aid of his skates. The team might have a reserve goalkeeper, and the two may switch at any fourth dimension during the game, without the need to notify the referee. At that place is no time-out in swap, but an exception is sometimes fabricated when the goalkeeper is hurt, especially if they don't have a designated reserve keeper.

As the goalkeeper is usually the team's simply role player who can see the unabridged field, they often act equally an organizer of the team when it is defending, especially for costless strokes against them.

Field hockey [edit]

A field hockey goalkeeper

In field hockey, the goalkeeper generally wears extensive protective equipment including helmet, face and neck guards, chest and leg padding, arm or elbow protectors, special gloves (the left glove is designed purely to block the ball, the right glove likewise has this function just in add-on is designed to let the goalkeeper to hold and employ his or her stick), lower leg guards (known as pads) and shoe covers (known as kickers). The gloves, pads and kickers are well-nigh always fabricated of special loftier density cream cloth that both protects the goalkeeper and has excellent rebound qualities. The goalkeeper is also equipped with a stick; either one designed for goalies or one as used for normal play. Specialist goalkeeper sticks must arrange to the aforementioned dimensional limitations every bit field players' sticks but are designed for optimal use with one paw and for blocking rather than hit the brawl. From 2007 teams may elect to play with 11 field players, and no-1 has the privileges of a goalkeeper. If a goalkeeper is used, they fall into one of two categories: a fully equipped goalkeeper must wear a helmet, unless they are nominated to have a penalization stroke against the opposing goalkeeper, habiliment a unlike colored shirt and at least foot and leg guards (arm and upper-body protection is optional); or they may opt to wear simply a helmet. The goalkeeper is allowed to employ whatever part of their body to play or deflect the brawl, although they tin can't obstruct its play (for example by lying on top of it), and they tin but do so within the goal circle (or "D"). Outside the D they are discipline to the same rules equally field players and may simply use their stick to play the ball. Goalkeepers who are wearing a helmet are not permitted to pass their team'southward 23 chiliad line, with the exception of goalkeepers who take penalization strokes. Nonetheless a goalkeeper who has elected to wear only a helmet is permitted to remove information technology and provided information technology is non left on the field of play, they may take part in the game in any part of the pitch, and retain their goalkeeping privileges, even if they do not take time to supplant the helmet before making a save. Information technology is compulsory to clothing a helmet when defending a penalty stroke or penalty corner.^{[4] [5]}

Floorball [edit]

In floorball, the goalkeeper defends his squad'due south goal and has special privileges within the game. He is the only role player who may utilize his hands to play the ball. Goalkeepers do not have sticks, and they motion in the goal crease on their knees, attempting to salvage the shots on goal. When the goalkeeper has possession of the brawl, he has 3 seconds to throw it back into the game. He may not control the ball outside of his pucker, except when kick it. Goalkeepers are an essential part of starting plays, as they can throw the ball for a quick offensive chance. When throwing, the ball has to impact the goalkeeper'southward own side first before crossing the middle line. Goalkeepers are too important in organizing their team'due south games, equally they run across the whole field meliorate. Any contact against the goalkeeper (slashing, interference etc.) will effect in a free shot or a 2-minute penalty. Like in water ice hockey, the goalkeeper may exist substituted for an actress assailant, if a delayed penalisation occurs, or if his team needs a goal to necktie the game in the terminal moments of the game. Goalkeepers may score goals, although this is not the example in some leagues. In floorball games, more than goals are often scored than in, for example, ice hockey, because of the extremely quick tempo of the game and fast shots.

The only mandatory equipment for goalkeepers are masks, goalie-shirts, goalie-pants and shoes. Most goalkeepers also wearable gloves. They may too optionally wear other protective equipment, such equally knee joint pads, elbow-guards, shin-guards, jocks and torso armor. In some junior/independent leagues, many goalkeepers don't even habiliment goalie-shirts, but hooded tops.

Gaelic football [edit]

In Gaelic football game, the goalie'due south principal job is to preclude a goal from existence scored confronting his side by direct defending the team'southward goal. A goal occurs when the ball passes through the goal; the attacking team is awarded 3 points. The goalie is the only player who may handle the brawl on the ground, and merely inside the small rectangle.

Gridiron football game [edit]

The term "goal-tend" was used in early descriptions of American football positions to draw the defensive position farthest back from the line of scrimmage. Eventually the term became obsolete and was replaced by the term defensive fullback, and then to its modern term gratis prophylactic (or punt returner in boot situations). Unlike in soccer or Gaelic football game, the goal-tend/rubber does not physically protect the goalposts, equally they are elevated above the ground and mostly out of the reach of whatever player (the National Football League also explicitly outlawed goaltending in 1985; no such dominion exists in other levels of the game). As well unlike other codes of football, goal-tends take no special ball-handling privileges.

One situation in which a goalkeeper-similar responsibility tin arise is in Canadian football, where a single betoken is awarded for a kicked ball that is not returned out of the cease zone. While standard practice is for defending teams to concede the single point, situations ofttimes arise where conceding that indicate could jeopardize a pb. A goal-tend tin can thus be employed to recover the ball and either render it out of the end zone or, generally if it is in the closing seconds of a game, punt the ball back into play or out of bounds to ensure the indicate is not conceded.

Handball [edit]

In handball, the goalkeeper is the only histrion in the team who is allowed to stay in the 6-meter zone throughout the whole contest. A goalkeeper is immune to salve the ball with all parts of his body, including two hands, trunks, two legs and so on, only inside the defending 6-meter zone.

Whenever the brawl is left on the ground within the half-dozen-meter zone, the goalkeeper owns the possession of the brawl; while whenever the brawl is in the air above the 6-meter zone, the opponent can notwithstanding bound in to grasp the ball without stepping in the half dozen-meter zone.

A goalkeeper can participate in offense past long-passing the ball to a teammate in the opposing half court for a fast-intermission score.

Common handball goalkeeper clothing:

• Long-sleeve bailiwick of jersey
• Long trousers
• Any body protection (such equally base layer or protective cup)

Hurling [edit]

In hurling, the goalkeeper's master chore is to forbid a goal from being scored against his side by directly defending the team's goal. He also takes "puckouts" after a score or wide ball. A goal occurs when the ball passes through the goal; the attacking team is awarded 3 points. The goalkeeper has i special rule pertaining to him, opposing players may not directly physically challenge him while he is in possession of the ball in the small parallelogram, although they may harass him, while if he leaves the small parallelogram he is field of study to the same rules as all other players. He wears a different colour jersey, e.g., if a team has bluish jerseys with white font, the goalkeeper will wear a white jersey of the aforementioned design with bluish font. Most goalkeepers use a special hurley with a wider bas (flat face) to aid shot-stopping.

Ice hockey [edit]

An ice hockey goalkeeper or "goalie"

In ice hockey, goalkeepers are more usually referred to equally "goaltenders" or simply "goalies". They defend their team'due south goal zone (cyberspace) by stopping shots of the puck from entering the internet, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the cyberspace called the goal crease (oft referred to only as the crease or the net). Because of the ability of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from straight impact. As is true with virtually other sports, only ane goaltender is allowed to exist on the playing area for each team at whatever in one case.

International rules football [edit]

In International rules football game, a hybrid game betwixt Australian rules football (which does not have a goalkeeper) and Gaelic football game, the goalkeeper'southward master chore is to forbid a goal from existence scored. A goal occurs when the ball comes off any part of an attacking actor and passes through the goal; the attacking team is awarded six points.

Lacrosse [edit]

Box lacrosse [edit]

Since the creation of indoor or box lacrosse in the 1930s, a unique grade of lacrosse goaltender was formed for the unlike dynamics of lacrosse on an water ice-less water ice hockey pad.

Field lacrosse [edit]

In men's field lacrosse, the designated goalkeeper is allowed to have a stick from 40inches to 72inches long and the caput of a goalkeeper'southward crosse may measure out upwards to 12inches broad. This is significantly larger than field players' heads to assist in blocking shots. Once a goalkeeper makes a save and has command of the brawl in his crosse (stick), he may only remain in possession of the ball within the protective pucker for four seconds (the length may depend on the level of play). Earlier the four seconds is upward, the goalkeeper must either pass the ball or leave the crease. After leaving, he may non re-enter the pucker with possession of the ball.

While inside the crease (nine feet in radius), offensive players may not make contact with the goalie or his stick. Doing then is declared "goalie interference" and is penalized past a gratis articulate to the one-half field line. (There is a significant difference between NCAA/MLL rules and international rules regarding a laissez passer while the goalkeeper is inside the crease: under NCAA/MLL rules, contact with a goalie'due south stick while in the human action of passing, even after the ball is released, is prohibited and considered interference. Under international rules, protection ends when possession ends. Therefore, contact with a goalie's stick afterward the brawl is released, is legal.) In addition, a goalie is immune to make contact with the brawl with his paw, although he is not allowed to command it or pick information technology up.

In women's lacrosse, one time a goalkeeper makes a save and has control of the brawl in her crosse, she may remain in possession of the brawl within the pucker for ten seconds. The interference dominion is similar to men's lacrosse; dissimilar in the men'south game, a woman goalkeeper is allowed to control or even pick up the ball in her hand.

In both men'south and women's lacrosse, goalkeepers are required to vesture a helmet and 4-point chinstrap, a throat protector, gloves, and a breast protector. Utilize of a protective cup is, for obvious reasons, required in the men'due south game; thigh pads and shinguards are also being required for women goalkeepers as of 2007. Although they are permitted to, few goalkeepers elect to article of clothing optional protective equipment, including elbow and shoulder pads, thigh pads and shin guards, and long sweat pants.

Netball [edit]

In netball, the Goal Keeper (denoted GK) must stay inside the defensive third of the court. A goal keeper is one of four positions allowed inside the shooting circle (along with the Goal Defence force, Goal Attack and Goal Shooter). The Goal Keeper oft matches up against the opposing side's Goal Shooter.

Water polo [edit]

Goalie eggbeatering (also known as water-jumping or froggy-kicking) upwardly to block a shot.

Goalkeepers in water polo are granted some special privileges when inside the five meter area:

• The ability to touch the brawl with ii hands.
• The power to stand (that is, if he can. Well-nigh Water polo pools are at least two meters deep)
• The ability to punch the ball with a clenched fist

However, they have one limitation that field players do not take: they may not cantankerous the half-distance line.

Rule modify in 2006:

The iv and vii meter lines were merged to a v-meter line. A goalie may now under revised rules:

• Become across the 5m line according to the field rules (one hand) and not pass the half line.
• Utilize 2 hands

New cap rules:

• A goalie cap must at present be in quarters alternating cherry-red/dark for home and red/white for away
• The goalie must be number ane, thirteen, or 15
• For females: a red swim cap must be worn under the goalie cap, a squad's dark swim cap is no longer acceptable as information technology is hard to distinguish a goalie from field players if official cap is off.

These revisions are according to the NFHS 2006-2007 pond/diving and water polo rulebook. USWP and NCAA rules may vary slightly.

The water polo goalkeeper is the least protected goalkeeper with no gloves or body protection.

Goalkeepers on coins and postage stamp stamps [edit]

Goalkeepers are regarded as one of the hardest positions to play therefore they tin take a huge impact on a countries culture. Goalkeepers have been used on some collectors' coins and medals such as the Austrian 5 euro 100 years of football coin that was minted on 12 May 2004. The coin depicts a successful shot by a footballer, shown in the background, with the ball just passing the goalkeeper (still in the air) into the goal.

References [edit]

• FINA water polo rules

1. ^ Inverdale, John. "On the run with dogs and a long-expressionless goalkeeper". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
2. ^ "Goalkeeper's Death". The Times. fourteen February 1936.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Swap Playing Rules" (PDF). Federation of International Swap. 1 September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on xi May 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
4. ^ Hockey Rules Board (2007). Rules of Hockey 2007ââ'¬â€œ2008 (PDF). International Hockey Federation (FIH). Rules: Rule 4, Players' clothing and equipment, paras 4.3–4.4, folio 15, Dominion 10, Conduct of play : goalkeepers, all paras, folio 24. Retrieved 2009-01-xiv .
5. ^ FIH Umpiring Committee (January 2008). "2008 FIH Outdoor Umpires Briefing" (PDF). FIH website. FIH. pp. 11–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-12-02. Retrieved 2008-01-xiv .

External links [edit]

• Serious Goalkeeping
• Goalkeeper Website
• Football Goalkeeper warm up routine
• Goalkeepers are dissimilar
• Goalkeeping Museum
• Goalkeeper Training Website

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalkeeper